Copenhagen is a green city well endowed with open spaces. It has an extensive and well-distributed system of Parks that act as venues for a wide array of events and urban life. As a supplement to the regular parks, there are a number of congenial public gardens and some cemeteries doubling as parks. It is official municipal policy in Copenhagen that all citizens by 2015 must be able to reach a park or beach on foot in less than 15 minutes.[1]
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King's Garden, the garden of Rosenborg Castle, is the oldest and most visited park in Copenhagen.[2] Its landscaping was commenced by Christian IV in 1606. Every year it sees more than 2,5 million visitors[3] and in the summer months it is packed with sunbathers, picknickers and ballplayers. It also serves as a sculpture garden with a permanent display of sculptures as well as temporary exhibits during summer.[4] Just north of King's Garden a series of parks that make up a green strand running right through the centre of the city centre. These are constructed on the old ramparts of the city and include Østre Anlæg and Ørsted Parks as well as the Botanical Gardens particularly noted for their large complex of 19th century greenhouses donated by Carlsberg founder J. C. Jacobsen.[5]
Fælledparken in the northern part of the city is with its 58 hectars the largest park in Copenhagen.[6] It is popular for sports and hosts a long array of annual events like a free opera concert at the opening of the opera season, other open-air concerts, carnival, Labour Day celebrations and Copenhagen Historic Grand Prix which is a race for antique cars. Another popular park is the Frederiksberg Garden which is a 32 hectares romantic landscape park. It houses a large colony of very tame grey herons along with other waterfowls. The park also offers views of the elephants and the elephant house designed by world-famous British architect Norman Foster of the adjacent Copenhagen Zoo.
Some of Copenhagen's newer parks draws from its position by the water. Havneparken established in 1995 covers 2,8 hectares of dockland in the Islands Brygge neighbourhood and has a bandstand with an upside-down old wooden ship as a roof and the first of Copenhagen's harbour baths. Amager Beach Park was founded in 1934 but in 2005 a 2,4 km artificial island was added, separated from the original beach by a lagoon crossed by three beaches.[7]
It is official municipal policy in Copenhagen that all citizens by 2015 must be able to reach a park or beach on foot in less than 15 minutes.[8] In line with this policy, several new parks are under development in areas poor in green spaces.[9][10] Langelinie
Besides the regular parks a number of gardens open to the general public serve as important green spaces in central Copenhagen. These include
Characteristic of Copenhagen is that a number of cemeteries double as parks, though only for the more quiet activities such as sunbathing, reading and meditation.[12] Assistens Cemetery, the burial place of Hans Christian Andersen among others, is an important green space for the district of Inner Nørrebro and a Copenhagen institution. The lesser known Vestre Kirkegård is with its 54 hectares the largest cemetery in Denmark[13] and offers a maze of dense groves, open lawns, winding paths, hedges, overgrown tombs, monuments, tree-lined avenues, lakes and other garden features.
Copenhagen Municipality is developing a system of interconnected green bicycle routes, greenways, with the aim to facilitate fast, safe and pleasant bicycle transport from one end of the city to the other. The network will cover more than 100 km and consist of 22 routes when finished.[14]
Some open spaces in the outskirts of Copenhagen have a more informal and semi-natural character, having originally been countryside areas protected against surrounding urbanisation. They include: